1：Irmgard Bartenieff & Doris Lewis《Body Movement Coping with the Environment》1980、Cecily Dell《A Primer for Movement Description: Using Effort-Shape and Supplementary Concepts》1977、Rudolf von Laban《The Language of Movement》1974 &《The Mastery of Movement》1971 (first published in 1947) Rudolf von Laban & F. C. Lawrence《Effort》1974、Vera Maletic《Body-Space-Expression》1987、《The LMA Compendium》1990.
2：拉邦动作分析名词。为行动驱使的八个动作之一其所组合的是威猛的力势、直接的空间、绵延持续的时间之动作质感。